The EFM-OAM protocol provides the ability to monitor the link for error conditions that may indicate the link is starting to degrade or has reached an error rate that exceeds an acceptable threshold.
Link monitoring can be enabled for three types of frame errors; errored-frame, errored-frame-period and errored-frame-seconds. The errored-frame monitor is the number of frame errors compared to the threshold over a window of time. The errored-frame-period monitor is the number of frame errors compared to the threshold over a window of number of received packets. This window is checked once per second to see if the window parameter has been reached. The errored-frame-seconds monitor is the number of errored seconds compared to the threshold over a window of time. An errored second is any second with a single frame error.
An errored frame is counted when any frame is in error as determined by the Ethernet physical layer, including jabbers, fragments, FCS or CRC and runts. This excludes jumbo frames with a byte count higher than 9212, or any frame that is dropped by the phy layer before reaching the monitoring function.
Each frame error monitor functions independently of other monitors. Each of monitor configuration includes an optional signal degrade threshold sd-threshold, a signal failure threshold sf-threshold, a window and the ability to communicate failure events to the peer by setting a Flag field in the Information OAMPDU or the generation of the Event Notification OAMPDU, event-notification. The parameters are uniquely configurable for each monitor.
A degraded condition is raised when the configured signal degrade sd-threshold is reached. This provides a first level log only action indicating a link could become unstable. This event does not affect the port state. The critical failure condition is raised when the configured sf-threshold is reached. By default, reaching the signal failure threshold causes the port to enter the Link Up condition unless the local signal failure local-sf-action has been modified to a log-only action. Signal degrade conditions for a monitor in signal failed state is suppressed until the signal failure has been cleared.
The initial configuration or the modification of either of the threshold values take effect in the current window. When a threshold value for a monitor is modified, all active local events for that specific monitor are cleared. The modification of the threshold acts the same as the clear command described later in this section.
Notification to the peer is required to ensure the action taken by the local port detecting the error and its peer are synchronized. If peers do not take the same action then one port may remain fully operational while the other enters a non-operational state. These threshold crossing events do not shutdown the physical link or cause the protocol to enter a non-operational state. The protocol and network element configuration is required to ensure these asymmetrical states do not occur. There are two options for exchanging link and event information between peers; Information OAMPDU and the Event Notification OAMPDU.
As discussed earlier, the Information OAMPDU conveys link information using the Flags field; dying gasp, critical link and link fault. This method of communication has a number of significant advantages over the Event Notification OAMPDU. The Information OAMPDU is sent at every configured transmit-interval. This allows the most recent information to be sent between peers, a critical requirement to avoid asymmetrical forwarding conditions. A second major advantage is interoperability with devices that do not support Link Monitoring and vendor interoperability. This is the lowest common denominator that offers a robust communication to convey link event information. Since the Information OAMPDU is already being sent to maintain the peering relationship this method of communication adds no additional overhead. The local-sf-action options allow the dying gasp and critical event flags to be set in the Information OAMPDU when a signal failure threshold is reached. It is suggested that this be used in place of or in conjunction with Event Notification OAMPDU.
Event Notification OAMPDU provides a method to convey very specific information to a peer about various Link Events using Link Event TLVs. A unique Event Notification OAMPDU is generated for each unique frame error event. The intention is to provide the peer with the Sequence Number, Event Type, Timestamp, and the local information that caused the generation of the OAMPDU; window, threshold, errors and error running total and event running total specific to the port.
sequence number
The unique identification indicating a new event.
window
The size of the unique measurement period for the error type. The window is only checked at the end. There is no mid-window checking.
threshold
The value of the configured sf-threshold.
errors
The errors counted in that specific window.
error running total
The number of errors accumulated for that event type since monitoring started and the protocol and port have been operational or a reset function has occurred.
event running total
The number of events accumulated for that event type since the monitoring started and the protocol and port have been operational.
By default, the Event Notification OAMPDU is generated by the network element detecting the signal failure event. The Event Notification OAMPDU is sent only when the initial frame event occurs. No Event Notification OAMPDU is sent when the condition clears. A port that has been operationally affected as a result of a Link Monitoring frame error event must be recovered manually. The typical recovery method is to shutdown the port and no shutdown the port. This clears all events on the port. Any function that affects the port state, physical fiber pull, soft or hard reset functions, protocol restarts, and so on, also clears all local and remote events on the affected node experiencing the operation. None of these frame errors recovery actions cause the generation of the Event Notification OAMPDU. If the chosen recovery action is not otherwise recognized by the peer and the Information OAMPDU Flag fields have not been configured to maintain the current event state, there is a high probability that the ports have different forwarding states, notwithstanding any higher level protocol verification that may be in place.
A burst of between one and five Event Notification OAMPDU packets may be sent. By default, only a single Event Notification OAMPDU is generated, but this value can be changed under the local-sf-action context. An Event Notification OAMPDU is only processed if the peer had previously advertised the EV capability. The EV capability is an indication the remote peer supports link monitoring and may send the Event Notification OAMPDU.
The network element receiving the Event Notification OAMPDU uses the values contained in the Link event TLVs to determine if the remote node has exceeded the failure threshold. The locally configured action determines how and if the local port is affected. By default, processing of the Event Notification OAMPDU is log only and does not affect the port state. By default, processing of the Information OAMPDU Flag fields is port affecting. When Event Notification OAMPDU has been configured as port affecting on the receiving node, action is only taken when errors are equal to or above the threshold and the threshold value is not zero. No action is taken when the errors value is less than the threshold or the threshold is zero.
Symbol error, errored-symbols, monitoring is also supported but requires specific hardware revisions and the appropriate code release. The symbol monitor differs from the frame error monitors. Symbols represent a constant load on the Ethernet wire whether service frames are present or not. This means the optional signal degrade threshold sd-threshold has an additional purpose when configured as part of the symbol error monitor. When the signal degrade threshold is not configured, the symbol monitor acts similar to the frame error monitors, requiring manual intervention to clear a port that has been operationally affected by the monitor. When the optional signal degrade threshold is configured, it again represents the first level warning. However, it has an additional function as part of the symbol monitor. If a signal failure event has been raised, the configured signal degrade threshold becomes the equivalent to a lowering threshold. If a subsequent window does not reach the configured signal degrade threshold then the previous event is cleared and the previously affected port is returned to service without operator intervention. This return to service automatically clears any previously set Information OAMPDU Flags fields set as a result of the signal failure threshold. The Event Notification OAMPDU is generated with the symbol error Link TLV that contains an error count less than the threshold. This indicates to the peer that initial problem has been resolved and the port should be returned to service.
The errored-symbol window is a measure of time that is automatically converted into the number of symbols for that specific medium for that period of time. The standard MIB entries ‟dot3OamErrSymPeriodWindowHi” and ‟dot3OamErrSymPeriodWindowLo” are marked as read-only instead of read-write. These values cannot be configured directly. The configuration of the window converts the time and programs the two MIB values in an appropriate manner. Both the configured window and the number of symbols are displayed under the show port port-id ethernet efm-oam command.
show port 1/1/1 ethernet efm-oam
===============================================================================
Ethernet Oam (802.3ah)
===============================================================================
Admin State : up
Oper State : operational
Mode : active
Pdu Size : 1518
Config Revision : 0
Function Support : LB
Transmit Interval : 1000 ms
Multiplier : 5
Hold Time : 0
Tunneling : false
Loop Detected : false
Grace Tx Enable : true (inactive)
Grace Vendor OUI : 00:16:4d
Dying Gasp on Reset: true (inactive)
Soft Reset Tx Act : none
Trigger Fault : none
Vendor OUI : 00:16:4d (alu)
Vendor Info : 00:01:00:02
Peer Mac Address : d8:1c:01:02:00:01
Peer Vendor OUI : 00:16:4d (alu)
Peer Vendor Info : 00:01:00:02
Peer Mode : active
Peer Pdu Size : 1518
Peer Cfg Revision : 0
Peer Support : LB
Peer Grace Rx : false
Loopback State : None
Loopback Ignore Rx : Ignore
Ignore Efm State : false
Link Monitoring : disabled
Peer RDI Rx
Critical Event : out-of-service
Dying Gasp : out-of-service
Link Fault : out-of-service
Event Notify : log-only
Local SF Action Discovery
Event Burst : 1 Ad Link Mon Cap : yes
Port Action : out-of-service
Dying Gasp : disabled
Critical Event : disabled
Errored Frame Errored Frame Period
Enabled : no Enabled : no
Event Notify : enabled Event Notify : enabled
SF Threshold : 1 SF Threshold : 1
SD Threshold : disabled (0) SD Threshold : disabled (0)
Window : 10 ds Window : 1488095 frames
Errored Symbol Period Errored Frame Seconds Summary
Enabled : no Enabled : no
Event Notify : enabled Event Notify : enabled
SF Threshold : 1 SF Threshold : 1
SD Threshold : disabled (0) SD Threshold : disabled (0)
Window (time) : 10 ds Window : 600 ds
Window (symbols) : 125000000
===============================================================================
Active Failure Ethernet OAM Event Logs
===============================================================================
Number of Logs : 0
===============================================================================
===============================================================================
Ethernet Oam Statistics
===============================================================================
Input Output
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Information 238522 238522
Loopback Control 0 0
Unique Event Notify 0 0
Duplicate Event Notify 0 0
Unsupported Codes 0 0
Frames Lost 0
===============================================================================
A clear command ‟clear port port-id ethernet efm-oam events [local | remote]” has been added to clear port affecting events on the local node on which the command is issued. When the optional [local | remote] options are omitted, both local and remote events are cleared for the specified port. This command is not specific to the link monitors as it clears all active events. When local events are cleared, all previously set Information OAMPDU Flag fields are cleared regardless of the cause of the event that set the Flag field.
In the case of symbol errors only, if Event Notification OAMPDU is enabled for symbol errors and a local symbol error signal failure event exists at the time of the clear, the Event Notification OAMPDU generates with an error count of zero and a threshold value reflecting the local signal failure threshold. An error value lower than the threshold value indicates the local node is not in a signal failed state. The Event Notification OAMPDU is not generated in the case where the clear command clears local frame error events. This is because frame error event monitors only acts on an Event Notification OAMPDU when the error value is higher than the threshold value, a lower value is ignored. As stated previously, there is no automatic return to service for frame errors.
If the clear command clears remote events, events conveyed to the local node by the peer, no notification is generated to the peer to indicate a clear function has been performed. Since the Event Notification OAMPDU is only sent when the initial event was raised, there is no further Event Notification and blackholes can result. If the Information OAMPDU Flag fields are used to ensure a constant refresh of information, the remote error is reinstated as soon as the next Information OAMPDU arrives with the appropriate Flag field set.
Local and remote EFM-OAM port events are stored in the EFM-OAM event logs. These logs maintain and display active and cleared signal failure degrade events. These events are interacting with the EFM-OAM protocol. This logging is different than the time stamped events for information logging purposes included with the system log. To view these events, the event-log option has been added to the show port port-id ethernet efm-oam command. This includes the location, the event type, the counter information or the decoded Network Event TLV information, and if the port has been affected by this active event. A maximum of 12 port events are retained. The first three indexes are reserved for the three Information Flag fields, dying gasp, critical link, and link fault. The other nine indexes maintain the current state for the various error monitors in a most recent behavior and events can wrap the indexes, dropping the oldest event.
In mixed environments where Link Monitoring is supported on one peer but not the other the following behavior is normal, assuming the Information OAMPDU has been enabled to convey the monitor fault event. The arriving Flag field fault triggers the EFM-OAM protocol on the receiving unsupportive node to move from operational to ‟send local and remote”. The protocol on the supportive node that set the Flag field to convey the fault enters the ‟send local and remote ok” state. The supportive node maintains the Flag field setting until the condition has cleared. The protocol recovers to the operational state once the original event has cleared; assuming no other fault on the port is preventing the negotiation from progressing. If both nodes were supportive of the Link Monitoring process, the protocol would remain operational.
In summary, Link monitors can be configured for frame and symbol monitors (specific hardware only). By default, Link Monitoring and all monitors are shutdown. When the Link Monitoring function is enabled, the capability (EV) is advertised. When a monitor is enabled, a default window size and a default signal failure threshold are activated. The local action for a signal failure threshold event is to shutdown the local port. Notification is sent to the peer using the Event Notification OAMPDU. By default, the remote peer does not take any port action for the Event Notification OAMPDU. The reception is only logged. It is suggested the operator evaluate the various defaults and configure the local-sf-action to set one of the Flag fields in the Information OAMPDU using the info-notifications command options when fault notification to a peer is required. Non-Nokia vendor specific information is not processed.